# Three-Circuit Split Deepens Over Kalshi Gambling Rules Federal vs. state oversight clash escalates in prediction markets. - **Source:** [ReadWrite](https://brifing.si/source/7a996b61-bc09-4e57-8483-78f2ad9dd914) - **Published:** 2026-09-26 - **Topic:** [Finance](https://brifing.si/c/finance) - **Original article:** - **On Brifing:** https://brifing.si/s/04c889c8-8d99-4c8d-8322-4498c6cbf62e ## Federal vs. State Oversight The 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Ohio and Tennessee can regulate Kalshi's event contracts under state gambling laws. This decision vacated a preliminary injunction against Tennessee's gambling statutes and upheld Ohio's denial of a similar injunction. The court found that Kalshi's contracts do not qualify as swaps under the Commodity Exchange Act, thus not preempting state laws. ## Legal Distinction Circuit Judge Julia Smith Gibbons emphasized that swaps are financial instruments for hedging risk, not gaming-related contracts. She noted that gambling regulation is a state police power, and Congress left states primarily responsible for regulating gambling within their borders. This sharp legal distinction underpins the court's decision. ## Circuit Split The 6th Circuit's ruling adds to a growing split among appellate courts. The 9th Circuit previously found Kalshi's contracts fall under Nevada's gambling laws, while the 3rd Circuit ruled they are not subject to New Jersey's statutes. This inconsistency strengthens the case for Supreme Court intervention to resolve the nationwide framework. ## Kalshi's Response Kalshi spokesperson Dani Lever criticized the ruling, arguing that a state-by-state patchwork of rules is unworkable. Lever highlighted that Congress created a single federal regulator to avoid such inconsistencies. Kalshi does not expect the decision to survive further legal review and plans to continue litigation. ## State Reactions Tennessee Attorney General Jonathan Skrmetti hailed the ruling as a win for state regulation, emphasizing the risks of unregulated sports wagering. Ohio Attorney General Andy Wilson's office has not yet commented. The broader tension between state gambling authority and federal commodities regulation remains unresolved. ## Supreme Court Potential The conflicting rulings from the 6th, 9th, and 3rd Circuits increase the likelihood of Supreme Court review. New Jersey has already asked the Supreme Court to overturn the 3rd Circuit's decision. The justices have not yet agreed to take up the case, but the legal landscape suggests they may need to intervene. ## Market Implications The ruling impacts Kalshi's ability to operate uniformly across states, potentially complicating its business model. The decision underscores the challenges prediction markets face in navigating differing state regulations, which could hinder market growth and innovation. ## Future Legal Battles Kalshi's commitment to continued litigation indicates that the legal battle over regulatory oversight is far from over. The outcome of future court decisions will be crucial in determining the balance between state and federal authority in regulating prediction markets. ## Sources covering this story - https://readwrite.com/kalshi-event-contracts-state-laws/ — --- _Summary written by Brifing from the original reporting. Copyright in the original article belongs to its publisher; read the full piece at the link above._