# The Theologians Who Lost Their Faith Through Academic Study Scholars reveal how rigorous biblical analysis led them from religious devotion to atheism. - **Source:** [BBC News Brasil](https://www.bbc.com/portuguese) - **Published:** 2026-11-09 - **Topic:** [culture](https://brifing.si/c/culture) - **Original article:** - **On Brifing:** https://brifing.si/s/15dc7d1a-1f48-4704-8275-3b0e8ed78798 ## Academic Study Triggers Doubt For many theology students in Brazil, the transition from faith to atheism begins within the classroom. Scholars like Mateus Dolny and Osvaldo Luiz Ribeiro report that deep academic engagement with biblical history and linguistic analysis forced them to confront contradictions between ancient texts and the moral perfection of God. ## The Conflict of Dogma Mateus Dolny, a former seminary student, found that intellectual gymnastics used by pastors to justify violence and inequality in scripture became unsustainable. He argues that the academic study of theology, which incorporates history and philosophy, inevitably clashes with the rigid dogmas maintained by many traditional religious institutions today. ## Osvaldo Luiz Ribeiro's Journey Osvaldo Luiz Ribeiro, a 60-year-old researcher, transitioned from a fundamentalist Baptist background to atheism after studying Hebrew and biblical criticism. He describes his shift as a purely cognitive process, noting that his exposure to diverse academic interpretations dismantled his previous religious certainties without causing any psychological trauma or crisis. ## The Nature of Theology Theology serves as a critical academic discipline that examines how humans have historically discussed the divine. Experts like Rudolf von Sinner explain that theology does not study God directly, but rather the human discourse surrounding religious traditions. This distinction allows scholars to analyze texts without necessarily adhering to religious beliefs. ## Reconstructing Personal Identity Leaving the church is described by former believers as a process similar to grieving. For Mateus Dolny, the loss of a religious structure required rebuilding his daily routine, social circles, and moral framework. He now finds community in secular groups, such as his local football team, rather than in religious congregations. ## Morality Without Religion These former theologians emphasize that living without faith does not equate to a lack of moral values. They argue that choosing ethical behavior out of personal conscience, rather than fear of divine punishment, represents a higher level of maturity. They view human suffering as a concrete problem requiring human-led solutions. ## The Role of Exegesis Exegesis, the critical interpretation of texts within their historical context, often reveals that modern translations and interpretations may not align with original meanings. Scholars argue that while some theological production seeks to justify established dogmas, a rigorous academic approach treats the Bible as a collection of historically specific documents. ## Global Academic Perspectives While theologians who identify as atheists are relatively rare in Brazil, they are more common in European academic circles. Philosophers like Ivone Gebara suggest that one does not need to be a believer to conduct serious research on religious phenomena, as the field relies on observation and critical analysis. ## A Shift in Perspective The experiences of these scholars highlight the tension between faith-based institutions and critical academic inquiry. By treating religion as an object of study rather than a source of absolute truth, these individuals have redefined their relationship with the world, proving that intellectual rigor can fundamentally alter one's lifelong spiritual convictions. ## Sources covering this story - https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/articles/cmd79wy45093o?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=rss — --- _Summary written by Brifing from the original reporting. Copyright in the original article belongs to its publisher; read the full piece at the link above._