# Vermont Fails to Conduct Mandated Audit of Lake Champlain Cleanup State officials spent nearly one billion dollars without verifying the effectiveness of water projects. - **Source:** [ProPublica](https://www.propublica.org) - **Published:** 2026-11-04 - **Topic:** [climate](https://brifing.si/c/climate) - **Original article:** - **On Brifing:** https://brifing.si/s/1d95489a-9242-47b5-b514-108d997c9998 ## Missing Accountability Audit Vermont lawmakers mandated an independent audit in 2015 to evaluate the effectiveness of the state’s massive Lake Champlain cleanup initiative. Despite investing nearly one billion dollars over the last decade, the state never commissioned the required study. This oversight leaves officials without clear evidence regarding the actual impact of their water quality spending. ## Funding and Legislative Mandates The 2015 Clean Water Act established a dedicated fund and board to manage the cleanup. Since 2016, the state has disbursed 928 million dollars, including 755 million in state funds. Lawmakers originally required a program audit by January 2021, but the board failed to secure any bids from outside environmental consulting firms. ## Scope and Procurement Failures The Clean Water Board issued requests for proposals in 2020 and 2023, yet received zero responses. Board chair Douglas Farnham noted that firms found the audit’s scope too broad and complex. Neither the board nor the legislature took subsequent action to narrow the requirements or revisit the mandate until recent media inquiries emerged. ## Internal Versus Independent Assessment Douglas Farnham argues that annual performance reports from the Department of Environmental Conservation provide sufficient transparency. However, critics maintain that these internal reports rely on theoretical models rather than actual water quality monitoring data. An independent audit would have scrutinized whether the state’s specific investments are yielding measurable, cost-effective phosphorus reduction results. ## Persistent Pollution Sources Agriculture remains the largest source of phosphorus runoff into Lake Champlain, yet agricultural programs receive less than one-third of total cleanup funding. A 2019 state auditor report highlighted that wastewater plants, which contribute the least pollution, received a disproportionate share of resources. This strategic mismatch has persisted for seven years without correction. ## Financial Sustainability Concerns The state treasurer estimated the total cost of the 20-year initiative at 2.3 billion dollars. With state spending outpacing revenue and tourism markets cooling, securing future funding is becoming increasingly difficult. Without an audit, policymakers lack the necessary data to determine if they are allocating the next billion dollars toward the most effective strategies. ## Legislative Oversight Challenges Former and current lawmakers expressed dismay over the missing audit. Rep. Amy Sheldon noted that the legislature struggles with follow-up due to a lack of dedicated staff. Meanwhile, other key committee chairs admitted they were unaware the audit had never been completed, highlighting a significant breakdown in the state’s oversight of environmental programs. ## Future Policy Implications As the next legislative session approaches in January, state Sen. Anne Watson plans to discuss reviving the audit requirement with her colleagues. The urgency stems from the need to ensure that limited public resources are directed toward projects that demonstrably improve water quality, rather than continuing potentially ineffective, unverified cleanup efforts. ## Sources covering this story - https://www.propublica.org/article/vermont-clean-water-act-champlain-audit — --- _Summary written by Brifing from the original reporting. Copyright in the original article belongs to its publisher; read the full piece at the link above._