# Neanderthal genes may boost modern human muscle mass New research reveals how Neanderthal DNA could enhance muscle development in contemporary humans. - **Source:** [Scientific American Content: Global](https://brifing.si/source/4f066134-e06d-4415-87ef-305e3dc2aba6) - **Published:** 2026-08-05 - **Original article:** - **On Brifing:** https://brifing.si/s/2173623d-9133-47f7-8e9c-b0a6b389f8c0 ## Our Neanderthal heritage Most modern humans carry 1-2% Neanderthal DNA in their genomes. While the immune system effects of this genetic legacy were known, the new study reveals impacts on muscle structure. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute examined differences in growth hormone receptors between species. ## Laboratory findings The study found cells with the Neanderthal version of growth hormone receptor showed increased growth compared to modern human versions. This discovery helps explain Neanderthals' robust physique. Experiments were conducted at the Max Planck Institute in Leipzig, Germany. ## Alignment with population data Analysis of over 1 million individuals showed those with Neanderthal receptor variants had on average 271g more muscle mass. In parts of South Asia, up to 24% of the population carries this genetic variant. Lead author Philipp Kanis noted the rare alignment between lab and population data. ## Parental inheritance effects Individuals inheriting the trait from both parents showed even more pronounced muscle mass. Co-author Miriam Berreiter, a CrossFit enthusiast, found the results exciting but emphasized training remains essential. The study represents a significant advance in evolutionary anthropology research. ## Geographical distribution The Neanderthal-derived growth hormone receptor variant appears most frequently in South and East Asian populations. This pattern likely results from our ancestors' greater interbreeding with Neanderthals in these regions. Researchers say the findings raise new questions about human evolution and adaptation. ## Cellular mechanism The Neanderthal receptor variant creates stronger growth signals in cells, potentially enhancing muscle cell development. Scientists stress the need for further research to fully understand this mechanism's details. The study provides new insights into how ancient DNA influences modern physiology. ## Evolutionary advantage Researchers speculate this genetic variant may have provided advantages for prehistoric hunter-gatherer lifestyles. Increased muscle mass could improve survival in harsh conditions. However, the long-term health impacts in modern lifestyles remain unknown and warrant further investigation. ## Scientific significance This study represents a major step in understanding ancient DNA's effects on modern human physiology. The findings open new research avenues in human evolution and genetic diversity. Scientists plan to use similar methods to examine effects of other Neanderthal genes on contemporary humans. ## Sources covering this story - https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/neanderthal-genes-may-give-modern-humans-muscles-a-boost/ — --- _Summary written by Brifing from the original reporting. Copyright in the original article belongs to its publisher; read the full piece at the link above._