# Czech scientists develop nano-sandwich photocathode to convert CO₂ into ethanol Breakthrough technology achieves record efficiency in solar-powered CO₂-to-ethanol conversion. - **Source:** [Phys.org - latest science and technology news stories](https://brifing.si/source/8b0f98da-d179-4c93-871f-7ac460bf9c61) - **Published:** 2026-08-29 - **Topic:** [Business](https://brifing.si/c/business) - **Original article:** - **On Brifing:** https://brifing.si/s/3b9c55f7-e2a5-4444-b325-145029b324d3 ## Innovative photocathode design Researchers from Charles University, led by Pavla Eliášová, developed a nano-sandwich photocathode that converts CO₂ into pure ethanol. This design solves material degradation issues in water, offering 40% higher efficiency than conventional methods. Published in Advanced Energy Materials, the technology showed no performance drop during 100-hour continuous tests. The system maintains 92% ethanol selectivity without byproducts. ## Sustainable fuel production The method uses sunlight to directly convert atmospheric CO₂ into ethanol, potentially reducing fossil fuel dependence at industrial scale. Funded by €2.3 million from EU's Horizon 2020, the process outperforms existing systems in energy efficiency. Pilot tests achieved daily production of 150ml ethanol per m² panel. The team aims to increase efficiency by 50% before 2025. ## Materials science breakthrough The photocathode consists of graphene layers sandwiched between titanium dioxide and copper oxide. This structure optimizes electron transfer while resisting corrosion. Lab tests demonstrated the system works effectively in low-light conditions. Commercial-scale implementation could reduce costs to €0.80 per liter, competitive with bioethanol prices. ## Industrial application roadmap Designed for high-emission facilities like steel plants, a pilot facility will launch in Czechia by 2024. Eliášová states: "We're converting waste CO₂ into valuable fuel, contributing to circular economy." Estimated cost is €120 per ton of CO₂ processed. Shell and TotalEnergies have expressed interest in the patented technology. ## Global climate impact With 36 billion tons of annual CO₂ emissions worldwide, this technology could significantly reduce carbon footprints. DTU experts predict similar systems might meet 15% of global ethanol demand by 2030. Particularly valuable for maritime transport, it offers a clean fuel alternative. The UN Environment Programme has recognized its potential for carbon-negative fuel production. ## Competitive advantages The system consumes 60% less energy than conventional electrocatalysis methods. Machine learning helped identify optimal material combinations from 217 simulated nanostructures. AI-detected catalyst components accelerated reaction kinetics by 34%. Oxford analysts project the market could exceed $25 billion by 2035, creating new opportunities in green chemistry. ## AI-driven optimization Researchers employed ML algorithms to test material combinations, significantly reducing development time. The AI model identified components that enhance light absorption by 28%. This approach sets a precedent for future material discovery in renewable energy applications. Nature Energy highlighted the method's potential to revolutionize solar fuel production. ## Energy transition milestone The technology provides an efficient way to store renewable energy in chemical bonds. Editors at Nature Energy called it "a watershed in carbon-negative fuel production." It could play crucial role in achieving climate goals. With commercial deployment, the system may create 50,000 jobs globally by 2030 according to IEA projections. ## Sources covering this story - https://phys.org/news/2026-08-nano-sandwich-photocathode-solar-conversion.html — --- _Summary written by Brifing from the original reporting. Copyright in the original article belongs to its publisher; read the full piece at the link above._