# Massimiliano Fuksas: Architecture Must Serve Everyone, Not Just the Elite Renowned architect Massimiliano Fuksas advocates for ethical, flexible, and affordable housing solutions for all. - **Source:** [La Repubblica](https://www.repubblica.it) - **Published:** 2026-11-08 - **Topic:** [Business](https://brifing.si/c/business) - **Original article:** - **On Brifing:** https://brifing.si/s/b1a56a2a-080b-4a1e-9101-cebd3ce8a75a ## A Vision Beyond Luxury Architect Massimiliano Fuksas challenges the industry norm of designing exclusively for the wealthy. He argues that modern architecture must prioritize ethics over aesthetics to address the deepening global housing crisis. By focusing on flexible, low-cost residential structures, he seeks to provide dignity and security to middle- and lower-income families worldwide. ## The Housing Emergency Protests in cities like Madrid, Paris, and Rome highlight a severe lack of affordable living spaces. Fuksas notes that the last major national housing program in Italy dates back to 1949. He advocates for a new, state-led initiative that treats housing as a fundamental defense and protection for all citizens. ## Designing for Flexibility Fuksas proposes apartment blocks featuring shared floors for intergenerational interaction and coworking spaces. His design philosophy emphasizes flexible layouts that adapt as family needs change over time. By utilizing innovative industrial construction methods, he believes architects can significantly reduce costs while maintaining high-quality living standards for diverse urban populations. ## The Bilbao Feasibility Study While Italian authorities have remained silent on his proposals, the city of Bilbao has commissioned Fuksas to conduct feasibility studies for low-cost housing. He is currently working to prove that good architecture is achievable on a limited budget. This project represents his commitment to practical, scalable solutions for the housing crisis. ## Architecture as Peace Fuksas views architecture as the art of peace, designed to create spaces where people meet rather than conflict. Despite working in countries with authoritarian regimes, he maintains that his goal is to improve lives. He believes that creating communal spaces can help bridge social divides and foster meaningful human exchange. ## Systemic Wealth Injustice The architect expresses deep concern over global wealth inequality, noting that the richest ten percent hold three-quarters of global assets. He argues that current banking systems exacerbate this divide by lending only to the wealthy. This systemic injustice prevents ordinary people from achieving basic security, such as owning a home. ## Rejecting Starchitect Culture Fuksas distances himself from the aloof, contemplative persona often associated with famous architects. He recalls a meaningful interaction with a local rubbish collector who asked about his 'Cloud' convention center in Rome. This connection with ordinary citizens provides him more satisfaction than debates among elite intellectuals regarding his signature style. ## The Role of Ethics During his curation of the 2000 Venice Architecture Biennale, Fuksas championed the theme 'Less Aesthetics, More Ethics.' He remains committed to this principle, arguing that sustainability is a basic requirement rather than a heroic achievement. For him, the primary goal of an architect is to make other people's lives better. ## Geometry and Quantum Mechanics Fuksas draws inspiration from quantum mechanics and fractal geometry rather than traditional Cartesian structures. He began exploring these concepts long before the rise of artificial intelligence. By breaking away from conventional box-like designs, he aims to create buildings that respond dynamically to their specific urban geography and cultural context. ## A Nomadic Life The film 'Da tutta la vita,' directed by his daughter Elisa, explores his complex family history and nomadic career. Fuksas reflects on his childhood, marked by the early death of his father and years of solitude in an Austrian castle. These early experiences shaped his independent, often unconventional approach to professional life. ## Navigating Political Realities Working globally requires navigating complex political landscapes, from Russia to Saudi Arabia. Fuksas acknowledges the difficulty of defining democratic boundaries in a violent world. He remains focused on his professional mission, believing that even in challenging environments, architecture can provide essential infrastructure that improves the daily lives of residents. ## Waiting for the Call Despite his global success, Fuksas remains eager to contribute to his home city of Rome. He has presented his housing concepts to local leadership but continues to wait for a meaningful response. He remains ready to apply his expertise to solve the city's urgent need for affordable, high-quality residential developments. ## Sources covering this story - https://www.repubblica.it/en/europe/culture/2026/11/08/news/massimiliano_fuksas_architecture_housing_crisis_social_inequality-425704387/ — --- _Summary written by Brifing from the original reporting. Copyright in the original article belongs to its publisher; read the full piece at the link above._