# Information Theory Explains the Origin of Life Theoretical physicist Paul Davies argues life is chemistry combined with meaningful software. - **Source:** [Big Think](https://bigthink.com) - **Published:** 2026-11-10 - **Topic:** [science](https://brifing.si/c/science) - **Original article:** - **On Brifing:** https://brifing.si/s/d3a53460-e788-4031-8656-c1e66f550718 ## Biological Matter Valuation If you break down a human body into its constituent molecules, the raw materials are worth only a few cents. This stark reality highlights a fundamental question in science regarding what distinguishes living matter from inanimate objects. The physical components are common, yet life exhibits properties that inanimate matter lacks. ## Information as the Catalyst Theoretical physicist and cosmologist Paul Davies proposes that the secret to life lies in information. He argues that life is not merely chemistry, but chemistry combined with information. This perspective suggests that biological systems function as hardware running meaningful software, providing a unique framework for understanding the transition from non-living to living. ## Complexity of Biological Origins Davies suggests that explaining the origin of the universe is actually easier than explaining the origin of life. While cosmic evolution follows predictable physical laws, the emergence of biological information requires a more complex explanation. This distinction shifts the focus from simple chemical reactions to the emergence of complex, self-organizing data structures. ## Hardware and Software Analogy The analogy of hardware and software serves to illustrate how biological systems process data to maintain existence. In this model, the chemical structure represents the hardware, while the genetic code acts as the software. This functional approach helps researchers categorize life as a system capable of storing, retrieving, and executing biological instructions. ## Scientific Inquiry Perspectives The discussion is featured on Big Think, highlighting ongoing debates in theoretical physics and cosmology. By framing life as an information-processing phenomenon, scientists aim to bridge the gap between chemistry and biology. This approach encourages a multidisciplinary view, integrating concepts from computer science, thermodynamics, and molecular biology to solve ancient mysteries. ## Distinguishing Living Systems Living systems are unique because they maintain internal order by processing information, unlike inanimate matter which tends toward entropy. This ability to utilize information to resist decay is a hallmark of biological entities. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for determining how life first emerged from the primordial chemical soup of early Earth. ## Theoretical Framework Challenges Defining life through information theory presents significant challenges for modern science. Researchers must determine how chemical reactions could spontaneously generate meaningful software without an external programmer. This requires investigating the transition points where simple molecular interactions began to encode information, effectively creating the first self-replicating biological systems in history. ## Future Scientific Implications The shift toward information-based biology could redefine how we search for life on other planets. Instead of looking only for specific chemical signatures, scientists might prioritize detecting complex information processing patterns. This methodology offers a new lens for evaluating potential biosignatures in the universe, moving beyond traditional carbon-based chemical detection methods. ## Sources covering this story - https://bigthink.com/series/the-big-think-interview/origin-life-universe/ — --- _Summary written by Brifing from the original reporting. Copyright in the original article belongs to its publisher; read the full piece at the link above._